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Databases

Relational algebra, SQL query optimization, ACID transaction isolation levels, write-ahead logging (WAL), and B+Tree indexing.

1Relational Algebra & Formal Schema Normalization

Tuple relational calculus, 1NF to 3NF/BCNF functional dependency normalization, and join algorithms.

Relational Algebra & Formal Schema Normalization

Tuple relational calculus, 1NF to 3NF/BCNF functional dependency normalization, and join algorithms.

Relational Algebra & Formal Schema Normalization

Tuple relational calculus, 1NF to 3NF/BCNF functional dependency normalization, and join algorithms.

2Indexing Structures, B+Tree Invariants & Slotted-Page Storage Mechanics

Slotted-page block architecture, record pointer offsets, variable-length attribute directories, B+Tree fan-out calculation, node splitting, and buffer pool frame caching.

Indexing Structures & B+Tree Disk Storage Mechanics

Slotted pages, disk block organization, B+Tree index tree topologies, node splits, and buffer pool eviction policies.

Indexing Structures & B+Tree Disk Storage Mechanics

Master binary disk page architectures, slotted page record layout, B+Tree fan-out scaling, node split mechanics, leaf sibling pointers, and buffer pool frame replacement algorithms.

3Transactions, ACID Invariants & Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC)

ACID properties, isolation levels, serializability anomalies, Two-Phase Locking (2PL), and snapshot isolation via Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC).

Transactions, ACID Guarantees & Isolation Levels

Concurrency control, conflict serializability, dirty reads, write skew, and multi-version record visibility rules.

Transactions, ACID Guarantees & Isolation Levels

Analyze ACID transaction guarantees, conflict serializability graphs, lock escalation, isolation anomalies (Dirty Reads, Phantom Reads, Write Skew), and Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) visibility rules.

4Query Execution Engine, Cost-Based Optimization & Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)

Volcano/Iterator execution model, Cost-Based Optimizer (CBO) statistics, join algorithms (Hash, Merge, Nested-Loop), Write-Ahead Logging (WAL), and ARIES crash recovery.

Query Execution Engine & Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)

Volcano model iterators, cost calculation formulas, WAL log sequence numbers, and ARIES crash recovery passes.

Query Execution Engine & Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)

Master the Volcano query execution iterator pipeline, physical join operator algorithms (Hash Join, Sort-Merge Join), Cost-Based Optimizer cardinality estimation, Write-Ahead Logging (WAL), and the ARIES crash recovery algorithm.