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Networking Basics

OSI and TCP/IP protocol layering, Ethernet frame switching, IPv4/IPv6 CIDR routing, and TCP congestion control mechanics.

1Physical & Data Link Layers: Framing & Switching

Ethernet frame headers, MAC address tables, VLAN tagging (802.1Q), and ARP protocol resolution.

Physical & Data Link Layers - Framing & Switching

Ethernet frame headers, MAC address tables, VLAN tagging (802.1Q), and ARP protocol resolution.

Physical & Data Link Layers - Framing & Switching

Ethernet frame headers, MAC address tables, VLAN tagging (802.1Q), and ARP protocol resolution.

2Network Layer: IP Addressing, Subnetting & Routing

IPv4 CIDR subnet calculations, longest prefix matching, routing tables, and interior/exterior routing protocols.

IPv4 CIDR Mechanics, Subnet Masks & Longest Prefix Matching

Classless inter-domain routing, bitwise mask evaluation, routing radix trie lookups, and autonomous system protocols.

IPv4 CIDR Subnetting, Longest Prefix Matching & Routing Table Trie Lookup

Master IPv4 CIDR addressing arithmetic, subnet mask bitwise evaluation, broadcast address calculations, and Longest Prefix Match (LPM) router forwarding engines using binary radix tries.

3Transport Layer: TCP Reliability & Flow-Congestion Dynamics

TCP state machine, 3-way handshake, sliding window flow control, and Reno/BBR congestion avoidance algorithms.

TCP State Machine, Sliding Windows & Congestion Control

Connection establishment, sequence number tracking, flow control window scaling, and loss vs delay-based congestion algorithms.

TCP 3-Way Handshake, Sliding Window Flow Control & Reno/BBR Congestion Mechanics

Master the TCP transport protocol state machine, 3-way handshake synchronization, cumulative and selective ACKs, sliding window flow control (rwnd), and congestion avoidance algorithms from TCP Reno AIMD to Google BBR.

4Application Layer Protocols & Domain Resolution

DNS hierarchy, recursive resolution, HTTP/1.1 vs HTTP/2 multiplexing, and HTTP/3 QUIC UDP transport.

DNS Recursive Resolution, HTTP/2-3 & QUIC Transport Architecture

Hierarchical DNS resolution, HTTP/2 binary framing streams, and QUIC UDP transport eliminating transport Head-of-Line blocking.

DNS Hierarchy, HTTP/2 Stream Multiplexing & QUIC UDP Transport Mechanics

Master hierarchical domain resolution across root and authoritative DNS servers, HTTP/2 binary frame multiplexing over single TCP connections, the transport-layer Head-of-Line blocking bottleneck, and QUIC UDP transport in HTTP/3.